America's 21st-Century Business Model

[Tromotorac]

Dobar clanak. Beneficije [legalne] imigracije.
Koliko vidim samo Kanada, Australija i NZ imaju ovaj model, pored US.



New Geographer
America's 21st-Century Business Model
Joel Kotkin, 08.31.10, 12:00 PM ET
http://www.forbes.com/2010/08/31/business-immigration-entrepreneurs-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin_print.html

Current attitudes aren't too kind to the old American way of doing business. In our globalized economy, the most enthusiastically touted approaches are those adopted by centralized, state-dominated economies such as China, Brazil and Russia as well as--somewhat less oppressively--those of the major E.U. states.

Yet the U.S. may well be constructing the best sustainable business model for the 21st Century. It is an approach built on the country's greatest enduring strength--an innovative business culture driven increasingly by a diverse pool of immigrants.

This model, of course, lacks the kind of centralized control beloved by many pundits. Yet its virtues are also missing from statist-oriented European or East Asian capitalism. These other regions' systems may be more disciplined in their thinking, but they do not draw as well on the diversity of human experience and connections that drive America's post-racial economy.

This is not to suggest that state-based, national capitalism is inferior, but that it may not apply so well to this vast, highly diversified economy--just look at the stimulus. If the U.S. wants to retain pre-eminence, it needs to go with what makes it a great country: its protean national and increasingly post-racial business culture.

This evolution is increasingly evident at the very top of our economy. Between 1990 and 2005 immigrants started one quarter of all venture-backed public companies. Large American firms are also increasingly led by people with roots in foreign countries, including 14 of the CEOs of the 2007 Fortune 100. Even the top tier of corporate America--once the almost-exclusive reserve of native-born Anglo-Saxon--increasingly reflects the diversification of the larger society.

Already, for example, eight Indian American CEOs run U.S. corporations with over $2 billion in sales, including companies like Citicorp, Adobe Systems and Pepsico. Pepsi's historic rival, Coca Cola, is now run by Muhtar Kent, a native of Turkey. Foreign CEOs also include Kellogg's Australian-born David Mackay and Ethan Allen's M. Farooq Kathwari, yet another native of India.

This process will intensify in the coming decades. Take for instance the case of Li Lu, a former Tiananmen Square activist now widely expected to take the helm of Warren Buffett's Berkshire-Hathaway when the old billionaire retires. Imagine if a former American radical was placed in charge of one of China's huge state-supported enterprises. Not likely.

One critical harbinger can be seen in the current crop of students at top U.S. business schools. Between one-third and one-half all students at Stanford, MIT, University of Pennsylvania, University of Chicago and UC Berkeley come from abroad. These schools are training camps for immigrants transitioning into careers as American entrepreneurs.

Equally important, immigrant commerce also thrives at the grassroots level. It manifests most visibly in the proliferation of small stores, restaurants, food-processing businesses, garment factories and trucking lines. Overall, immigrants are 60% more likely to start a new business than native-born Americans. The number of self-employed immigrants has grown even in New York City, where the number of self-employed among the native-born has dropped.


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Immigrant businesses have thrived by providing basic services, such as banks, insurance agents, funeral homes and grocery stores. Some of these businesses arose because the mainstream community had failed to identify opportunities in these markets or had consciously decided to exclude them.

This follows a historical pattern. In the past many immigrants succeeded by focusing on an economic specialty--Jews in the garment industry, Chinese in laundries, Greeks in diners, and Italians in green groceries, barbershops and fish stores. Ultimately, some moved beyond these niches and began to develop whole new business models. One clear example is A. P. Giannini's Bank of Italy in San Francisco, which eventually became Bank of America, a pioneer in mass market branch banking. Other ethnic businesses, often drawing on ways of doing business brought from abroad, have propelled the growth of whole industries, such as the garment industry in New York and later Los Angeles.

There is clearly something in the immigrant experience that encourages innovation--one can call it the advantage of non-acceptance. Take the founding generation of the film industry--Samuel Goldwyn, Louis B. Mayer, Harry Cohn, Jesse Lasky, Adolph Zukor. They had their roots in the Jewish enclave economy in the eastern cities. The great historian Irving Howe notes that the immigrant need to find an unoccupied or underserved niche shaped these often "vulgar, crude and overbearing" men. That they became founders of the nation's premier cultural industry, Howe noted, "was something of a miracle and something of a joke."

We are now witnessing a continuation of this process, and on a scale simply not seen in other countries. In 2005 the U.S. swore in more new citizens than the next nine countries put together. The national immigration debate may focus largely on low-skilled newcomers, but more than half of all skilled immigrants in the world also come to the U.S. Even with the continent's slow-growing population, Europe continues to be a major source of American immigrants, particularly skilled workers, with some 400,000 E.U. science and technology graduates residing in the U.S.

These newcomers are a prime source of entrepreneurial vitality. In the 21st century Asians, like the Jews and Italians before them, have concentrated in specific niches and expanded outside the boundaries of historic ghettos. Indians from the subcontinent, who arrived in large numbers starting in the 1970s, specialized in hotels and motels across the country. Koreans opened up green groceries in New York and Los Angeles. Vietnamese became well-known for nail parlors, and Cambodians for owning doughnut stores. Overall Asian enterprises expanded roughly twice the national average through the first several years of the new century.

This pattern can be seen particularly in food-related businesses. In Houston, once dominated by Southern cooking, nearly one in three restaurants serves Mexican or Asian cuisine. Together they account for more establishments than hamburger, BBQ and Italian restaurants put together. Nationwide, as pizza, hamburger and "traditional" fast-food restaurants have stagnated, new chains that sell quick, inexpensive Mexican or Asian food have flourished. Immigrant-founded firms such as El Pollo Loco, Wolfgang Puck and Panda Express, are emerging as the McDonalds of 21st-century America.

The emerging post-racial economy provides two distinct opportunities for American business. First the newcomers offer a new domestic "emerging" market. Taken together, purchases by African-Americans, Asians and Native Americans, according to the Selig Center for Economic Growth at the University of Georgia, have exploded, growing far more rapidly than the national average. Combined with Latinos, these minorities could account for over $2.5 trillion by 2010, close to $1 in every $4 in total U.S. consumer spending.

But perhaps even more important may be the uniquely international cast of American business. Heads of corporations and senior executives of many leading American firms will not have to go to graduate school in international training; they will have received theirs at home, talking to parents or grandparents who migrated from Mexico, Cuba, Russia, Iran, China, India, Israel or a host of other countries.

This diversity will allow Americans to tap the global market, and culture, in ways other countries and their state-based enterprises just can't match. It is in this model, not in imitating foreign ones, that American business can find the path to greater success in the globalized, dispersed economy of the 21st century.


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Joel Kotkin is a distinguished presidential fellow in urban futures at Chapman University. He is also an adjunct fellow at the Legatum Institute in London and serves as executive editor of newgeography.com. He writes the weekly New Geographer column for Forbes. His latest book, The Next Hundred Million: America in 2050, was published in February 2010 by Penguin Press.

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[Che2]

Pink Panther Theme Song



imamo i mi jednu globalnu korporaciju, ustvari je vise tzv. brand i balkanski koncept - pink panther...    :mrgreen:
   

[Tromotorac]

Govance, niko te nije pitao za misljenje. Ajd, nazad u sahtu gde si i bio sve ove godine.

[Che2]

matori, ti izgleda volis napusavanje...      xtwak

[Tromotorac]

Slabo ti idu razgovori sa odraslima.

[Che2]

posto si mi psovao majku bez ikakvog razloga prije par nedelja i nazivas me pogrdnim imenima od prvog dana na forumu, mozes da budes prezadovoljan tretmanom...

ako pak odlucis da "porastes" i postanes konacno covjek, onda mozda i mozes da racunas na odredjeni respekt.    xjap

[Tromotorac]

Hajde ponovo - sta je tvoj konkretan doprinos diskusijama? Jesi li nesto pametno doneo, rekao? Nisi. Samo seruckas okolo. Potpuno si beskorisan i nepozeljan.

Govno u mleku.

[Che2]

ti ne samo da si matora picketina, nego si uz sve i priglup i ogranicen. samo nastavi, sa zadovoljstvom cu da te prozovem za svaku glupost koju napises.    xjap

[Tromotorac]

I sta je konkretno tvoj doprinos na ovoj temi? Pink Panther crtani?

Eeee, mladi majmune.

[Che2]

tzv. pink panther je balkanska grupa koja radi ekskluzivne zlatare sirom svijeta... a sad se vrati nazad pa pokusaj ponovo.    xjap

[Hate mail]

Balega u mleku.

[Tromotorac]

Da se vratimo na temu.

Meni i dalje nesto nedostaje iz ovog gornjeg clanka o inovaciji. Pa nemoguce je da biznis model za 21 vek bude baziran na kreiranju novih, domacih 'emerging markets' za minorities sa lancima tipa Panda Express, Baja Fresh ili Pollo Loco.  2.5 triliona za 10 godina u minority driven markets? Come on...

U nedostatku inovacije tipa kompjuterizacija office-a, Internet, sta moze da bude novi pokretac, novi business model za 21 vek? 

[Hate mail]

Rat.

[Tromotorac]

A jel' moze malo opsirnije, detaljnije? Od svih pronalazaka, inovacija, samo to ti pada na pamet?

[Hate mail]

Rat semper certum est.

[Tromotorac]

Meaning?

[Hate mail]

Ceteris paribus, za ocekivati je da ce ovoliki over-investment u oruzje i vojnu tehnologiju morati da se deleveridzuje a jos bolje potrosi.

[Tromotorac]

Zanimljivo, s' obzirom da dolazi iz Der Spiegl-a: http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,715339,00.html

[Che2]

   
Osveženo u: Sreda, 08. septembar 2010. - Objavljeno 04:49 GMT

      
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Toni Bler
Agencija za borbu protiv organizovanog kriminala ima pune ruke posla
Autor komentara u Gardijanu piše da je globalni finansijski sistem u nedavnoj krizi opstao zahvaljujući gotovom novcu organizovanog kriminala.

Vodeće svetske banke, kojima je očajnički bila potrebna gotovina, posegnule su za novcem mafije, pa je veći deo od neverovatnih 352 milijarde dolara profita od trgovine drogom tokom vremena uključen u globalni ekonomski sistem, a prljavi novac je na taj način opran.

Iako sve ovo zvuči neverovatno, nastavlja list, to je još krajem prošle godine priznao šef agencije Ujedinjenih nacija za borbu protiv trgovine drogom i organizovanog kriminala.

Ogroman deo globalne ekonomije, po nekim proračunima čak petina, otpada na organizovani kriminal - trgovnu oružjem, drogom i ljudima.

Britanski pisac Džon le Kare koga je novinar Gardijana posetio u njegovoj kući na Hampstedu, u sevrozapadnom Londonu, ističe da nije pristalica teorija zavere, ali da, uprkos tome, smatra da se pomenuti podaci namerno ne šire u javnost i dodaje da je ta neman sada tako velika da više niko neće moći da je savlada.

Autor komentara u Gardijanu citira Balzakovu misao da iza svakog velikog bogatstva leži neki veliki zločin i zaključuje da vlade širom sveta moraju da pronađu političku volju da se obračunaju sa velikim zločincima a ne samo sa malim.



"ako laze koza ne laze rog..."      xjap

[Tromotorac]

Laze Guardian, osvedoceno komunisticko leglo.